Error number 4001 in 4: Error while parsing velocity page Wrapped Exception: Failed to evaluate content with id [] com.xpn.xwiki.XWikiException: Error number 4001 in 4: Error while parsing velocity page Wrapped Exception: Failed to evaluate content with id [] at com.xpn.xwiki.render.XWikiVelocityRenderer.evaluate(XWikiVelocityRenderer.java:122) at com.xpn.xwiki.XWiki.parseTemplate(XWiki.java:1871) at com.xpn.xwiki.XWiki.evaluateTemplate(XWiki.java:1801) at com.xpn.xwiki.XWiki.parseTemplate(XWiki.java:1778) at com.xpn.xwiki.api.XWiki.parseTemplate(XWiki.java:836) at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor182.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.apache.velocity.util.introspection.UberspectImpl$VelMethodImpl.doInvoke(UberspectImpl.java:395) at org.apache.velocity.util.introspection.UberspectImpl$VelMethodImpl.invoke(UberspectImpl.java:384) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTMethod.execute(ASTMethod.java:173) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTReference.execute(ASTReference.java:280) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTReference.render(ASTReference.java:369) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTBlock.render(ASTBlock.java:72) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.VelocimacroProxy.render(VelocimacroProxy.java:216) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.RuntimeMacro.render(RuntimeMacro.java:311) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.RuntimeMacro.render(RuntimeMacro.java:230) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTDirective.render(ASTDirective.java:207) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTBlock.render(ASTBlock.java:72) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTIfStatement.render(ASTIfStatement.java:87) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.SimpleNode.render(SimpleNode.java:342) at org.xwiki.velocity.internal.DefaultVelocityEngine.evaluate(DefaultVelocityEngine.java:195) at org.xwiki.velocity.internal.DefaultVelocityEngine.evaluate(DefaultVelocityEngine.java:160) at com.xpn.xwiki.render.XWikiVelocityRenderer.evaluate(XWikiVelocityRenderer.java:116) at com.xpn.xwiki.XWiki.evaluateTemplate(XWiki.java:1840) at com.xpn.xwiki.XWiki.parseTemplate(XWiki.java:1778) at com.xpn.xwiki.api.XWiki.parseTemplate(XWiki.java:836) at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor182.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.apache.velocity.util.introspection.UberspectImpl$VelMethodImpl.doInvoke(UberspectImpl.java:395) at org.apache.velocity.util.introspection.UberspectImpl$VelMethodImpl.invoke(UberspectImpl.java:384) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTMethod.execute(ASTMethod.java:173) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTReference.execute(ASTReference.java:280) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTReference.render(ASTReference.java:369) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTBlock.render(ASTBlock.java:72) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.VelocimacroProxy.render(VelocimacroProxy.java:216) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.RuntimeMacro.render(RuntimeMacro.java:311) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.RuntimeMacro.render(RuntimeMacro.java:230) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTDirective.render(ASTDirective.java:207) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTBlock.render(ASTBlock.java:72) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.SimpleNode.render(SimpleNode.java:342) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTIfStatement.render(ASTIfStatement.java:106) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.SimpleNode.render(SimpleNode.java:342) at org.xwiki.velocity.internal.DefaultVelocityEngine.evaluate(DefaultVelocityEngine.java:195) at org.xwiki.velocity.internal.DefaultVelocityEngine.evaluate(DefaultVelocityEngine.java:160) at com.xpn.xwiki.render.XWikiVelocityRenderer.evaluate(XWikiVelocityRenderer.java:116) at com.xpn.xwiki.XWiki.evaluateTemplate(XWiki.java:1840) at com.xpn.xwiki.web.Utils.parseTemplate(Utils.java:153) at com.xpn.xwiki.web.XWikiAction.execute(XWikiAction.java:224) at com.xpn.xwiki.web.XWikiAction.execute(XWikiAction.java:115) at org.apache.struts.action.RequestProcessor.processActionPerform(RequestProcessor.java:431) at org.apache.struts.action.RequestProcessor.process(RequestProcessor.java:236) at org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet.process(ActionServlet.java:1196) at org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet.doGet(ActionServlet.java:414) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:627) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:729) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:269) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:188) at com.xpn.xwiki.web.ActionFilter.doFilter(ActionFilter.java:129) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:215) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:188) at org.xwiki.wysiwyg.server.filter.ConversionFilter.doFilter(ConversionFilter.java:152) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:215) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:188) at com.xpn.xwiki.plugin.webdav.XWikiDavFilter.doFilter(XWikiDavFilter.java:68) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:215) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:188) at org.xwiki.container.servlet.filters.internal.SavedRequestRestorerFilter.doFilter(SavedRequestRestorerFilter.java:218) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:215) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:188) at org.xwiki.container.servlet.filters.internal.SetCharacterEncodingFilter.doFilter(SetCharacterEncodingFilter.java:112) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:215) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:188) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:213) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:172) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:127) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:117) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:108) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:174) at org.apache.jk.server.JkCoyoteHandler.invoke(JkCoyoteHandler.java:200) at org.apache.jk.common.HandlerRequest.invoke(HandlerRequest.java:291) at org.apache.jk.common.ChannelSocket.invoke(ChannelSocket.java:775) at org.apache.jk.common.ChannelSocket.processConnection(ChannelSocket.java:704) at org.apache.jk.common.ChannelSocket$SocketConnection.runIt(ChannelSocket.java:897) at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPool$ControlRunnable.run(ThreadPool.java:689) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662) Wrapped Exception: org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.TemplateParseException: Encountered "<EOF>" at <unknown template>[line 179, column 32] Was expecting one of: "[" ... <WHITESPACE> ... "=" ... at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.Parser.parse(Parser.java:131) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.RuntimeInstance.parse(RuntimeInstance.java:1226) at org.xwiki.velocity.internal.DefaultVelocityEngine.evaluate(DefaultVelocityEngine.java:188) at org.xwiki.velocity.internal.DefaultVelocityEngine.evaluate(DefaultVelocityEngine.java:160) at com.xpn.xwiki.render.XWikiVelocityRenderer.evaluate(XWikiVelocityRenderer.java:116) at com.xpn.xwiki.XWiki.parseTemplate(XWiki.java:1871) at com.xpn.xwiki.XWiki.evaluateTemplate(XWiki.java:1801) at com.xpn.xwiki.XWiki.parseTemplate(XWiki.java:1778) at com.xpn.xwiki.api.XWiki.parseTemplate(XWiki.java:836) at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor182.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.apache.velocity.util.introspection.UberspectImpl$VelMethodImpl.doInvoke(UberspectImpl.java:395) at org.apache.velocity.util.introspection.UberspectImpl$VelMethodImpl.invoke(UberspectImpl.java:384) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTMethod.execute(ASTMethod.java:173) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTReference.execute(ASTReference.java:280) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTReference.render(ASTReference.java:369) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTBlock.render(ASTBlock.java:72) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.VelocimacroProxy.render(VelocimacroProxy.java:216) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.RuntimeMacro.render(RuntimeMacro.java:311) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.RuntimeMacro.render(RuntimeMacro.java:230) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTDirective.render(ASTDirective.java:207) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTBlock.render(ASTBlock.java:72) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTIfStatement.render(ASTIfStatement.java:87) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.SimpleNode.render(SimpleNode.java:342) at org.xwiki.velocity.internal.DefaultVelocityEngine.evaluate(DefaultVelocityEngine.java:195) at org.xwiki.velocity.internal.DefaultVelocityEngine.evaluate(DefaultVelocityEngine.java:160) at com.xpn.xwiki.render.XWikiVelocityRenderer.evaluate(XWikiVelocityRenderer.java:116) at com.xpn.xwiki.XWiki.evaluateTemplate(XWiki.java:1840) at com.xpn.xwiki.XWiki.parseTemplate(XWiki.java:1778) at com.xpn.xwiki.api.XWiki.parseTemplate(XWiki.java:836) at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor182.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.apache.velocity.util.introspection.UberspectImpl$VelMethodImpl.doInvoke(UberspectImpl.java:395) at org.apache.velocity.util.introspection.UberspectImpl$VelMethodImpl.invoke(UberspectImpl.java:384) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTMethod.execute(ASTMethod.java:173) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTReference.execute(ASTReference.java:280) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTReference.render(ASTReference.java:369) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTBlock.render(ASTBlock.java:72) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.VelocimacroProxy.render(VelocimacroProxy.java:216) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.RuntimeMacro.render(RuntimeMacro.java:311) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.RuntimeMacro.render(RuntimeMacro.java:230) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTDirective.render(ASTDirective.java:207) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTBlock.render(ASTBlock.java:72) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.SimpleNode.render(SimpleNode.java:342) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTIfStatement.render(ASTIfStatement.java:106) at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.SimpleNode.render(SimpleNode.java:342) at org.xwiki.velocity.internal.DefaultVelocityEngine.evaluate(DefaultVelocityEngine.java:195) at org.xwiki.velocity.internal.DefaultVelocityEngine.evaluate(DefaultVelocityEngine.java:160) at com.xpn.xwiki.render.XWikiVelocityRenderer.evaluate(XWikiVelocityRenderer.java:116) at com.xpn.xwiki.XWiki.evaluateTemplate(XWiki.java:1840) at com.xpn.xwiki.web.Utils.parseTemplate(Utils.java:153) at com.xpn.xwiki.web.XWikiAction.execute(XWikiAction.java:224) at com.xpn.xwiki.web.XWikiAction.execute(XWikiAction.java:115) at org.apache.struts.action.RequestProcessor.processActionPerform(RequestProcessor.java:431) at org.apache.struts.action.RequestProcessor.process(RequestProcessor.java:236) at org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet.process(ActionServlet.java:1196) at org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet.doGet(ActionServlet.java:414) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:627) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:729) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:269) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:188) at com.xpn.xwiki.web.ActionFilter.doFilter(ActionFilter.java:129) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:215) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:188) at org.xwiki.wysiwyg.server.filter.ConversionFilter.doFilter(ConversionFilter.java:152) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:215) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:188) at com.xpn.xwiki.plugin.webdav.XWikiDavFilter.doFilter(XWikiDavFilter.java:68) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:215) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:188) at org.xwiki.container.servlet.filters.internal.SavedRequestRestorerFilter.doFilter(SavedRequestRestorerFilter.java:218) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:215) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:188) at org.xwiki.container.servlet.filters.internal.SetCharacterEncodingFilter.doFilter(SetCharacterEncodingFilter.java:112) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:215) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:188) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:213) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:172) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:127) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:117) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:108) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:174) at org.apache.jk.server.JkCoyoteHandler.invoke(JkCoyoteHandler.java:200) at org.apache.jk.common.HandlerRequest.invoke(HandlerRequest.java:291) at org.apache.jk.common.ChannelSocket.invoke(ChannelSocket.java:775) at org.apache.jk.common.ChannelSocket.processConnection(ChannelSocket.java:704) at org.apache.jk.common.ChannelSocket$SocketConnection.runIt(ChannelSocket.java:897) at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPool$ControlRunnable.run(ThreadPool.java:689) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)

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Low cost solutions for water and sanitation

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Low cost solutions for water and sanitation

It is a major challenge to “halve by 2015 the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation” (MDG 7). Only through a considerable increase in the construction and improvement of water supply and sanitation facilities, can the MDG target be achieved.

The two booklets presented below - "Smart Water Solutions" and "Smart Sanitation Solutions" - give examples of household and community-based water supply and sanitation solutions that have proven effective and affordable. It illustrates a range of innovative technologies that have already helped thousands of poor families to improve their lives.

The booklets are a collaborative effort by several organizations: IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre, Netherlands Water Partnership, PRACTICA Foundation, Simavi, Partners for Water, AGROMISA, the Dutch National Committee for International Cooperation and Sustainable Development (NCDO), Aqua for All, WASTE advisers on urban environment and development.

Smart Water Solutions

The technologies described in the booklet "Smart Water Solutions" are:

Wells

Baptist / Emas well drilling
Rota-sludge well drilling
Stone-hammer well drilling
Bamboo screens

Pumps

Treadle pumps
Rope pumps
PVC pumps / Deep well pumps
Fuel efficient motor pumps
Motorised deep well pumps
Horse and wind powered pumps

Storage / recharge

Underground tanks
Austra-Nica wire-cement tanks
Plastic lined tanks

Irrigation

Lay-flat hose
Spray-head
Pepsi drip / Easy drip
Nica drip

Treatment

SODIS (Solar Disinfection)
CSP (Ceramic Silver impregnated Pot) filter
Safe Water Systems

Smart Sanitation Solutions

The technologies described in the booklet "Smart Sanitation Solutions" are:

Toilets

Dry toilets
Dry urine diversion toilets
Pour fl ush slabs
Waterless urinals

Collection

Fossa Alterna
Oil drums and containers
Vaults and chambers

Transportation

Cartage system
MAPET and Vacutug system
Settled sewerage (small diameter)

Treatment

Co-composting
Dehydration
Planted soil fi lter
Anaerobic digestion

Using sanitation products

Intermezzo “The need to recover phosphorous from excreta”
Compost as soil conditioner
Human urine as fertiliser
Biogas as source of energy

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Creation date: 2009/09/01 17:10
Creator: Webmaster

Last Edition: 2012/04/06 13:54

Last Author: Webmaster

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Low cost solutions for water and sanitation

Low cost solutions for water and sanitation

Smart Water Solutions

Smart Sanitation Solutions

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